We use 'without' to say that something is missing or not present. It shows that a person or thing does not have something.
She left the house without her keys.
He drinks coffee without sugar.
'Without' is used in legal or formal settings to mean 'not having official permission' or 'outside proper rules'.
The contract was signed without authorization.
They acted without consent.
We use 'without' like 'if not' to show something will not happen unless a certain thing exists or happens.
I can’t go without a ticket.
She won’t come without your help.
As an adverb, 'without' shows that someone is alone or does something without help or company.
He went outside without anyone.
She lives without help.
'Without' is used idiomatically to show the absence of an action or object, often meaning something was not done or not present.
He left without saying goodbye.
She completed the task without errors.
